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  1. import java.util.*;
  2.  
  3. /*
  4. Today I went through Prototype.
  5.  
  6. A prototype is a base object. I already have one. I need more like it, so I copy it.
  7. The class should give me clone(). I should not build the copy in the client.
  8.  
  9. If I copy from outside it breaks:
  10. - private fields, I cannot read them
  11. - I often only have a Bird, I do not know Pigeon or Crow
  12. - if-else on every new bird breaks Open-Closed and SRP
  13. - client gets tied to every subclass
  14.  
  15. return this is not a copy. Same address means same object.
  16. A copy is a new object, different address, same state.
  17.  
  18. Inheritance is where I got stuck.
  19. If only Bird has clone(), Crow.clone() still runs Bird's method. I asked for a Crow, I get a Bird.
  20. I cannot copy parent private fields from Crow.
  21. super.clone() returns a Bird. I cannot downcast that into a Crow.
  22. Making fields protected just to clone is like making them public. I did not do that.
  23.  
  24. Fix I used: copy constructor on every class.
  25. Child calls super(old), then copies its own fields.
  26. Every child must override clone(), or the parent version runs.
  27.  
  28. Registry is a different problem.
  29. Intelligent pigeon is not a new class. It is a pigeon with weight 20 and brain 3.
  30. I store that object by name and always return a clone, never the original.
  31. */
  32.  
  33. interface Clonable<T> {
  34.     T clone(); // T so Crow clone returns Crow, not Bird
  35. }
  36.  
  37. class Bird implements Clonable<Bird> {
  38.     private String name;
  39.     private String color;
  40.     private int weight;
  41.  
  42.     public Bird() {} // only for the first object I create
  43.  
  44.     // takes the old bird and copies its fields into this new one
  45.     public Bird(Bird old) {
  46.         this.name = old.name;
  47.         this.color = old.color;
  48.         this.weight = old.weight;
  49.     }
  50.  
  51.     public Bird clone() {
  52.         return new Bird(this); // not return this
  53.     }
  54.  
  55.     public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
  56.     public void setColor(String color) { this.color = color; }
  57.     public void setWeight(int weight) { this.weight = weight; }
  58.  
  59.     public String toString() {
  60.         return getClass().getSimpleName()
  61.             + "{name=" + name + ", color=" + color + ", weight=" + weight + "}";
  62.     }
  63. }
  64.  
  65. class Crow extends Bird {
  66.     private String sound;
  67.  
  68.     public Crow() {}
  69.  
  70.     public Crow(Crow old) {
  71.         super(old);              // parent copies name, color, weight
  72.         this.sound = old.sound;  // I copy only what Crow added
  73.     }
  74.  
  75.     // if I skip this, Bird.clone() runs and the copy is a Bird
  76.     public Crow clone() {
  77.         return new Crow(this);
  78.     }
  79.  
  80.     public void setSound(String sound) { this.sound = sound; }
  81.  
  82.     public String toString() {
  83.         return super.toString() + ", sound=" + sound;
  84.     }
  85. }
  86.  
  87. class Sparrow extends Bird {
  88.     private int legSize;
  89.  
  90.     public Sparrow() {}
  91.  
  92.     public Sparrow(Sparrow old) {
  93.         super(old);
  94.         this.legSize = old.legSize;
  95.     }
  96.  
  97.     public Sparrow clone() {
  98.         return new Sparrow(this);
  99.     }
  100.  
  101.     public void setLegSize(int legSize) { this.legSize = legSize; }
  102.  
  103.     public String toString() {
  104.         return super.toString() + ", legSize=" + legSize;
  105.     }
  106. }
  107.  
  108. class Pigeon extends Bird {
  109.     private int brain;
  110.  
  111.     public Pigeon() {}
  112.  
  113.     public Pigeon(Pigeon old) {
  114.         super(old);
  115.         this.brain = old.brain;
  116.     }
  117.  
  118.     public Pigeon clone() {
  119.         return new Pigeon(this);
  120.     }
  121.  
  122.     public void setBrain(int brain) { this.brain = brain; }
  123.  
  124.     public String toString() {
  125.         return super.toString() + ", brain=" + brain;
  126.     }
  127. }
  128.  
  129. // registry: named templates. get() must clone, or the caller changes my stored bird
  130. class BirdRegistry {
  131.     private Map<String, Bird> birds = new HashMap<>();
  132.  
  133.     public void register(String name, Bird bird) {
  134.         birds.put(name, bird);
  135.     }
  136.  
  137.     public Bird get(String name) {
  138.         Bird stored = birds.get(name);
  139.         if (stored == null) return null;
  140.         return stored.clone();
  141.     }
  142. }
  143.  
  144. // notebook case: keep one base, copy it, then set only the cover and facts pages
  145. class Notebook implements Clonable<Notebook> {
  146.     private String size;
  147.     private int pages;
  148.     private String rule;
  149.     private int price;
  150.     private String cover;
  151.     private int factsPages;
  152.  
  153.     public Notebook() {}
  154.  
  155.     public Notebook(Notebook old) {
  156.         this.size = old.size;
  157.         this.pages = old.pages;
  158.         this.rule = old.rule;
  159.         this.price = old.price;
  160.         this.cover = old.cover;
  161.         this.factsPages = old.factsPages;
  162.     }
  163.  
  164.     public Notebook clone() {
  165.         return new Notebook(this);
  166.     }
  167.  
  168.     public void setSize(String size) { this.size = size; }
  169.     public void setPages(int pages) { this.pages = pages; }
  170.     public void setRule(String rule) { this.rule = rule; }
  171.     public void setPrice(int price) { this.price = price; }
  172.     public void setCover(String cover) { this.cover = cover; }
  173.     public void setFactsPages(int factsPages) { this.factsPages = factsPages; }
  174.  
  175.     public String toString() {
  176.         return "Notebook{size=" + size + ", pages=" + pages + ", rule=" + rule
  177.             + ", price=" + price + ", cover=" + cover + ", factsPages=" + factsPages + "}";
  178.     }
  179. }
  180.  
  181. public class Main {
  182.     // sanctuary only has Bird, so no if-else here. each bird copies itself
  183.     static List<Bird> reproduce(List<Bird> parents) {
  184.         List<Bird> children = new ArrayList<>();
  185.         for (Bird parent : parents) {
  186.             children.add(parent.clone());
  187.         }
  188.         return children;
  189.     }
  190.  
  191.     public static void main(String[] args) {
  192.         Crow crow = new Crow();
  193.         crow.setName("sweet-sound");
  194.         crow.setColor("black");
  195.         crow.setWeight(34);
  196.         crow.setSound("caw");
  197.  
  198.         Sparrow sparrow = new Sparrow();
  199.         sparrow.setName("long-legged");
  200.         sparrow.setColor("blue");
  201.         sparrow.setWeight(8);
  202.         sparrow.setLegSize(8);
  203.  
  204.         // not a subclass. just a pigeon with these values
  205.         Pigeon intelligent = new Pigeon();
  206.         intelligent.setName("intelligent-pigeon");
  207.         intelligent.setColor("grey");
  208.         intelligent.setWeight(20);
  209.         intelligent.setBrain(3);
  210.  
  211.         List<Bird> parents = Arrays.asList(crow, sparrow, intelligent);
  212.         List<Bird> children = reproduce(parents);
  213.  
  214.         // false = real copy
  215.         System.out.println("same object? " + (parents.get(0) == children.get(0)));
  216.         // should print Crow, not Bird
  217.         System.out.println("child type: " + children.get(0).getClass().getSimpleName());
  218.         System.out.println(children.get(0));
  219.         System.out.println(children.get(1));
  220.  
  221.         BirdRegistry registry = new BirdRegistry();
  222.         registry.register("sweet-sound-crow", crow);
  223.         registry.register("long-legged-sparrow", sparrow);
  224.         registry.register("intelligent-pigeon", intelligent);
  225.  
  226.         Bird copy1 = registry.get("sweet-sound-crow");
  227.         Bird copy2 = registry.get("sweet-sound-crow");
  228.         // two gets, two objects, one stored crow
  229.         System.out.println("two crows from one prototype, same object? " + (copy1 == copy2));
  230.         System.out.println(copy1);
  231.  
  232.         Notebook base = new Notebook();
  233.         base.setSize("A4");
  234.         base.setPages(120);
  235.         base.setRule("ruled");
  236.         base.setPrice(40);
  237.  
  238.         Notebook custom = base.clone();
  239.         custom.setCover("red");
  240.         custom.setFactsPages(4);
  241.         System.out.println(custom);
  242.     }
  243. }
Success #stdin #stdout 0.24s 59084KB
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Standard input is empty
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same object? false
child type: Crow
Crow{name=sweet-sound, color=black, weight=34}, sound=caw
Sparrow{name=long-legged, color=blue, weight=8}, legSize=8
two crows from one prototype, same object? false
Crow{name=sweet-sound, color=black, weight=34}, sound=caw
Notebook{size=A4, pages=120, rule=ruled, price=40, cover=red, factsPages=4}
https://ideone.com/XXORTf
language:
Java (HotSpot 12)
created:
3 hours ago
visibility:
public

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